The Industry



The Industry


 4Assignment Details
http://intranet.blackburn.ac.uk/images/logo/UCBC%20New%202010.jpg



Name of School
School of Art and Society
Course & Year Group
 FdA Photography – Year 1
Module Leader
Richard Peregrine
Module Support
Martyn Pearson and Paul Hill


Module Title & Code

The Industry / IA18128





Learning Outcomes Assessed in this assignment


1: Understand the major functions of the photographic industry in a current context.
2. Recognise vocational opportunities that exist in the imaging sector
3. Realise the range of retail, service and output sources available for photographers
4. Apply correct health and safety judgements to working situations.
5. Utilise support networks and bodies available to photography specialists




Weighting: 100%

Word Count/Equivalent portfolio 100%

You must achieve each of the outcomes to achieve a pass grade in this assignment. To see how your final grade has been determined please see the guidance on marking criteria
Formative Assessment


Deadline for Submission
Monday May 8th 2017 @10am




Task




Create a Blog Section or a File /Log detailing information regarding the following subject areas. It is essential to attend all the module lectures and Seminars where we work through these topics in class and then after in your own time. In the lecture sessions you will be given the research guidelines for each Topic and then you are encouraged to add your own found material to build a resource to use and add to throughout the course and beyond

1.       A brief history of the Photography Industry

2.       Jobs in Photography

3.       Future moves for the Industry

4.       Commercial Image Production

5.       Photography, Trade and Retail

6.       Industry Support Bodies

7.       Health and Safety in Photography

8.       Insurance for Photographers

9.       Quotation and Invoicing Photography

There will be visits and speakers throughout the module programme so please make your attendance a priority.


Module Title _______________________________________________Module Code_____________

Feedback Grade
Percentage Mark
Min
Max
A+

Excellent
90
100
A
80
89
A-
70
79
B+

Good
67
69
B
64
66
B-
60
63
C+

Satisfactory
57
59
C
54
56
C-
50
53
D+

Weak
47
49
D
44
46
D-
40
43
F1
Marginal Fail
Fail
Poor Fail
Very Poor Fail
32
39
F2
18
31
F3
8
17
F4
0
7



% Formative Grade

% Summative Grade





Photography Timeline

 Topic 1

I have added a link to some of the first ever images produced, the top 25 images.  Here you can look at the images, and subject matter, with a brief description of who the photographer was who created the images and how they was created.



•    ancient times: Camera obscuras used to form images on walls in darkened rooms; image formation via a pinhole

•    16th century: Brightness and clarity of camera obscuras improved by enlarging the hole inserting a telescope lens

•    17th century: Camera obscuras in frequent use by artists and made portable in the form of sedan chairs

•    1727: Professor J. Schulze mixes chalk, nitric acid, and silver in a flask; notices darkening on side of flask exposed to sunlight. Accidental creation of the first photo-sensitive compound.

•    1800: Thomas Wedgwood makes "sun pictures" by placing opaque objects on leather treated with silver nitrate; resulting images deteriorated rapidly, however, if displayed under light stronger than from candles.

•    1816: Nicephorus Niépce combines the camera obscurer with photosensitive paper

•    1826: Niépce creates a permanent image

Image 1 - The first permanent photograph (later accidentally destroyed) was an image produced in 1822 by the French inventor Joseph Nicephorus Niépce.

•    1834: Henry Fox Talbot creates permanent (negative) images using paper soaked in silver chloride and fixed with a salt solution. Talbot created positive images by contact printing onto another sheet of paper.

•    1837: Louis Daguerre creates images on silver-plated copper, coated with silver iodide and "developed" with warmed mercury; Daguerre is awarded a state pension by the French government in exchange for publication of methods and the rights by other French citizens to use the Daguerreotype process.

•    1841: Talbot patents his process under the name "calotype"


•    1851: Frederick Scott Archer, a sculptor in London, improves photographic resolution by spreading a mixture of collodion (nitrated cotton dissolved in ether and alcoohol) and chemicals on sheets of glass. Wet plate collodion photography was much cheaper than daguerreotypes, the negative/positive process permitted unlimited reproductions, and the process was published but not patented.

•    1853: Nadar (Felix Toumachon) opens his portrait studio in Paris

•    1854: Adolphe Disderi develops carte-de-visite photography in Paris, leading to worldwide boom in portrait studios for the next decad


•    1855: Beginning of stereoscopic era

•    1855-57: Direct positive images on glass (ambrotypes) and metal (tintypes or ferrotypes) popular in the US.

•    1861: Scottish physicist James Clerk-Maxwell demonstrates a color photography system involving three black and white photographs, each taken through a red, green, or blue filter. The photos were turned into lantern slides and projected in registration with the same color filters. This is the "color separation" method.

•    1861-65: Mathew Brady and staff (mostly staff) covers the American Civil War, exposing 7000 negatives

•    1868: Ducas de Hauron publishes a book proposing a variety of methods for color photography.

•    1870: Center of period in which the US Congress sent photographers out to the West. The most famous images were taken by William Jackson and Tim O'Sullivan.

•    1871: Richard Leach Maddox, an English doctor, proposes the use of an emulsion of gelatin and silver bromide on a glass plate, the "dry plate" process.

•    1877: Eadweard Muybridge, born in England as Edward Muggridge, settles "do a horse's four hooves ever leave the ground at once" bet among rich San Franciscans by time-sequenced photography of Leland Stanford's horse.

Below is a link to a video of the galloping horse, and the controversy of all four hooves leaving the ground at once.


https://timelineofphotography.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/muybridge_horse_gallop_animated_2.gif

Image 2 - galloping horse.

•    1878: Dry plates being manufactured commercially.

•    1880: George Eastman, age 24, sets up Eastman Dry Plate Company in Rochester, New York. First half-tone photograph appears in a daily newspaper, the New York Graphic.

•    1888: First Kodak camera, containing a 20-foot roll of paper, enough for 100 2.5-inch diameter circular pictures.


•    1889: Improved Kodak camera with roll of film instead of paper

•    1890: Jacob Riis publishes How the Other Half Lives, images of tenament life in New york City

•    1900: Kodak Brownie box roll-film camera introduced.

Image 3 - It doesn’t look very exciting – a cardboard box about five inches (13cm) tall, covered in leatherette, with a small round opening at the front. You might have some trouble working out what it was for if you didn’t know. But the Kodak Brownie might be the most important camera ever made.


•    1902: Alfred Stieglitz organizes "Photo Secessionist" show in New York City


•    1906: Availability of panchromatic black and white film and therefore high quality color separation color photography. J.P. Morgan finances Edward Curtis to document the traditional culture of the North American Indian.

•    1907: First commercial color film, the Autochrome plates, manufactured by Lumiere brothers in France

•    1909: Lewis Hine hired by US National Child Labor Committee to photograph children working mills.

•    1914: Oscar Barnack, employed by German microscope manufacturer Leitz, develops camera using the modern 24x36mm frame and sprocketed 35mm movie film.

•    1917: Nippon Kogaku K.K., which will eventually become Nikon, established in Tokyo.

•    1921: Man Ray begins making photograms ("rayographs") by placing objects on photographic paper and exposing the shadow cast by a distant light bulb; Eugegrave;ne Atget, aged 64, assigned to photograph the brothels of Paris
I liked the idea of Photograms, so I decided to have a go and see what they would look like. below are my images that I made in the dark room. I used a glass dish placed on photographic paper and exposed the light in 5 sec intervals, I also moved the glass dish around for different effects. 

Image 1 - framed , glass dish moving around the paper during exposure.

Image 2 - The glass dish placed on the paper, and exposed at 5 sec intervals

Image 3 - the glass dish held and moved around the paper at 5 sec exposures.

Image 4 - The glass dish held at a distance with 2, 5sec exposures.

Image 5 - The glass dish exposed for longer with a sheet of paper held over one side at a time.


This link gives you a brief insight of how Man Ray, became involved with creating images, a brief history of his back ground and his love for beautiful woman.


Image 4 - 2 examples of Man rays Photograms  (Rayographs)


•    1924: Leitz markets a derivative of Barnack's camera commercially as the "Leica", the first high quality 35mm camera.

•    1925: André Kertész moves from his native Hungary to Paris, where he begins an 11-year project photographing street life


Image 5 - Perhaps more than any other photographer, Andre Kertesz discovered and demonstrated the special aesthetic of the small camera. These beautiful little machines seemed at first hardly serious enough for the typical professional, with his straightforward and factual approach to the subject. Most of those who did use small cameras tried to make them do what the big camera did better; deliberate, analytical description.


•    1928: Albert Renger-Patzsch publishes The World is Beautiful, close-ups emphasizing the form of natural and man-made objects; Rollei introduces the Rolleiflex twin-lens reflex producing a 6x6 cm image on rollfilm.; Karl Blossfeldt publishes Art Forms in Nature

•    1931: Development of strobe photography by Harold ("Doc") Edgerton at MIT

•    1932: Inception of Technicolor for movies, where three black and white negatives were made in the same camera under different filters; Ansel Adams, Imogen Cunningham, Willard Van Dyke, Edward Weston, et al, form Group f/64 dedicated to "straight photographic thought and production".; Henri Cartier-Bresson buys a Leica and begins a 60-year career photographing people; On March 14, George Eastman, aged 77, writes suicide note--"My work is done. Why wait?"--and shoots himself.

•    1933: Brassaï publishes Paris de nuit

http://www.houkgallery.com/artists/brassai



•    1934: Fuji Photo Film founded. By 1938, Fuji is making cameras and lenses in addition to film.

•    1935: Farm Security Administration hires Roy Stryker to run a historical section. Stryker would hire Walker Evans, Dorothea Lange, Arthur Rothstein, et al. to photograph rural hardships over the next six years. Roman Vishniac begins his project of the soon-to-be-killed-by-their-neighbors Jews of Central and Eastern Europe.

•    1936: Development of Kodachrome, the first color multi-layered color film; development of Exakta, pioneering 35mm single-lens reflex (SLR) camera

•    World War II:

•                            Development of multi-layer color negative films

•                            Margaret Bourke-White, Robert Capa, Carl Mydans, and W. Eugene Smith cover the war for LIFE magazine

•    1947: Henri Cartier-Bresson, Robert Capa, and David Seymour start the photographer-owned Magnum picture agency

Image 6 - Henri Cartier-Bresson has described himself as a photojournalist, a label doubtless no more misleading than any other available.
To put the identification in a fuller perspective, it might be added that he is probably the only photojournalist to have studied painting with Andre Lhote, the chief academician of Cubism, and also that relatively few of his pictures are concerned with journalistic events in the traditional sense.

•    1948: Hasselblad in Sweden offers its first medium-format SLR for commercial sale; Pentax in Japan introduces the automatic diaphragm; Polaroid sells instant black and white film



Image 7 - Hasselblad camera.

•    1949: East German Zeiss develops the Contax S, first SLR with an unreversed image in a pentaprism viewfinder

•    1955: Edward Steichen curates Family of Man exhibit at New York's Museum of Modern Art

•    1959: Nikon F introduced.

•    1960: Garry Winogrand begins photographing women on the streets of New York City.

Image 8- These spontaneous photographs, taken in and around New York City throughout the 1960s and early 1970s celebrate contemporary urban women while also questioning how the meaning of the subject is affected by everything else within the frame. (left: Garry Winogrand (American, 1928-1984), Untitled from Women are Beautiful, 1975, Gelatin silver print, Tampa Museum of Art Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John Osterweil)

•    1963: First color instant film developed by Polaroid; Instamatic released by Kodak; first purpose-built underwater introduced, the Nikonos
Image 9 - News article Polaroid announces colour.

•    1970: William Wegman begins photographing his Weimaraner, Man Ray.

•    1972: 110-format cameras introduced by Kodak with a 13x17mm frame

•    1973: C-41 color negative process introduced, replacing C-22

•    1975: Nicholas Nixon takes his first annual photograph of his wife and her sisters: "The Brown Sisters"; Steve Sasson at Kodak builds the first working CCD-based digital still camera

•    1976: First solo show of color photographs at the Museum of Modern Art, William Eggleston's Guide

•    1977: Cindy Sherman begins work on Untitled Film Stills, completed in 1980; Jan Groover begins exploring kitchen utensils

•    1978: Hiroshi Sugimoto begins work on seascapes.

•    1980: Elsa Dorfman begins making portraits with the 20x24" Polaroid.

•    1982: Sony demonstrates Mavica "still video" camera

•    1983: Kodak introduces disk camera, using an 8x11mm frame (the same as in the Minox spy camera)

Image 10 Kodak disc camera.

•    1985: Minolta markets the world's first autofocus SLR system (called "Maxxum" in the US); In the American West by Richard Avedon

•    1988: Sally Mann begins publishing nude photos of her children

•    1987: The popular Canon EOS system introduced, with new all-electronic lens mount


•    1991: Kodak DCS-100, first digital SLR, a modified Nikon F3

•    1992: Kodak introduces PhotoCD

•    1993: Founding of photo.net (this Web site), an early Internet online community; Sebastiao Salgado publishes Workers; Mary Ellen Mark publishes book documenting life in an Indian circus.

•    1995: Material World, by Peter Menzel published.

•    1997: Rob Silvers publishes Photomosaics

•    1999: Nikon D1 SLR, 2.74 megapixel for $6000, first ground-up DSLR design by a leading manufacturer.

•    2000: Camera phone introduced in Japan by Sharp/J-Phone

•    2001: Polaroid goes bankrupt

•    2003: Four-Thirds standard for compact digital SLRs introduced with the Olympus E-1; Canon Digital Rebel introduced for less than $1000

•    2004: Kodak ceases production of film cameras

2005: Canon EOS 5D, first consumer-priced full-frame digital SLR, with a 24x36mm CMOS sensor for $3000; Portraits by Rineke Dijkstra

Photography Industry Milestones

Kodak History


Agfa History













Ilford History













Fuji Film History










Carl Zeiss History

Leica

Nikon History


Canon History



5 Cameras that Changed Photography

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/56z3PCZbHlBp60HcG3QkwnZ/five-game-changing-cameras-that-turned-us-into-photographers
Calotype Photography

 https://www.britannica.com/technology/calotype

 Calotype, also called talbotype, early photographic technique invented by William Henry Fox Talbot of Great Britain in the 1830s. In this technique, a sheet of paper coated with silver chloride was exposed to light in a camera obscura; those areas hit by light became dark in tone, yielding a negative image. The revolutionary aspect of the process lay in Talbot’s discovery of a chemical (gallic acid) that could be used to “develop” the image on the paper—i.e., accelerate the silver chloride’s chemical reaction to the light it had been exposed to. The developing process permitted much shorter exposure times in the camera, down from one hour to one minute.

William Henry Fox Talbot
The Mansell Collection/Art Resource, New York

The developed image on the paper was fixed with sodium hyposulfite. The “negative,” as Talbot called it, could yield any number of positive images by simple contact printing upon another piece of sensitized paper. Talbot’s process was superior in this respect to the daguerreotype, which yielded a single positive image on metal that could not be duplicated. Talbot patented his process in 1841.

Daguerreotype Photography

Daguerreotype, first successful form of photography, named for Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre of France, who invented the technique in collaboration with Nicéphore Niépce in the 1830s. Daguerre and Niépce found that if a copper plate coated with silver iodide was exposed to light in a camera, then fumed with mercury vapour and fixed (made permanent) by a solution of common salt, a permanent image would be formed. A great number of daguerreotypes, especially portraits, were made in the mid-19th century; the technique was supplanted by the wet collodion process.

Still Life, daguerreotype by Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, 1837; …
Collection de la Société Francaiçe de Photographie, Paris



Bromoil Process

http://www.rps.org/special-interest-groups/archaeology-and-heritage/blogs/2014/june/bromoil-process---a-brief-history-and-overview

The Bromoil Process is a process whereby the silver image, which is contained in an original black and white print, is replaced by an ink image by way of several chemical processes. Briefly, the method is as follows: A silver bromide image is produced on a suitable paper in the darkroom. With a specially formulated bleach, the image is completely bleached away. During this bleaching process the gelatine held in the paper is hardened, depending on the amount of silver it contains. After fixing, washing and drying the print, the second stage of the process begins with the soaking in water of the print. After wiping dry the print, lithographic ink is applied by brush, slowly building up the image by applying the ink which takes readily to the ‘shadow areas’ were the gelatine has hardened and rejected in the’ highlight’ areas, were the gelatine has swollen. By careful brush work, the bromoilist has full control over the final image, thus replacing the silver image with an ink image, which is far more permanent. - See more at: http://www.rps.org/special-interest-groups/archaeology-and-heritage/blogs/2014/june/bromoil-process---a-brief-history-and-overview#sthash.tPGxVmiy.dpuf


Here is the process on how to produce a Bromoil print.

https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=bromoil+process&&view=detail&mid=EA6998B4C1EE5E25330DEA6998B4C1EE5E25330D&FORM=VRDGAR


Lith Photographs

http://www.ilfordphoto.com/aboutus/page.asp?n=126

 Lith printing is a technique in which normal Black & White papers are processed using special Lith developers. It can give varying levels of contrast for the same exposure conditions, and a range of image colours without toning.

 The word “Lith” originated with Graphic Arts materials used in the half-tone reproduction of illustrations, but Lith printing is simply another printing technique for the creative photographer.
Lith developers are dilute, based on hydroquinone, and contain a low level of sulphite. The process depends on infectious development, in which the immediate oxidation products of the developer are themselves powerful developing agents. Commercial products are normally in two parts, which must be mixed (and diluted) just before use.
The paper is usually over-exposed by 2 or 3 stops, observed using a safelight torch during processing, and ‘snatched’ from the developer into a stop bath as soon as the black areas become dark. Lith printing can produce a very wide range of different effects, so experimentation is needed . Contrast can be adjusted by varying the exposure time and development time. The image colour is usually warm – brown, olive, yellow, pink, ivory.
I have added a couple of links to websites that give detailed information on the different photographic procedures in photography.

http://www.lithprint.com/
Lith Print Description: This is the final lith print from the flower print set. The background is not completely black but detail has been maintained in the centre of the flower. The water droplets on the petals are complete and well defined. This print was the 6th sheet of lith paper used, so all in all, not that difficult?
Lith Paper: Fotospeed Fibre Based Lith paper
Developer: Fotospeed Lith Developer
Toner: None
Date: August 2002
Jobs In Photography

 Jobs and Employability

 Topic 2 & 6



Here are the links that we have looked at today for Jobs and Employment for the Industry module:




Creative Skillset Photo Imaging










Association of Photographers jobs page










AoP Find a Photographer





I have made myself a member of the Association of Photographers today (31.01.17)  I have looked at some of the images on their site, to give me inspiration. there is a competition for students to submit their own work, this I am interested in. I will have a look at some of my work that I have made over the period of me starting the FDA Photography course, to see if there is any images, that I feel I could submit for the award. 












AoP Assisting page



Other Links








Creating a Social Media Network Page.

In an effort to get my work shown, and more exposed to the public, for potential customers, and to receive feed back from my piers, I have created a photography page on Facebook, it is a work in progress at this early stage and I have invited a lot of family and friends to like my page, and to join me on this Journey of discovery, to becoming a professional photographer.
This will get my images, that I create " Out there", so to speak, and viewed.
I have a lot of friends who live outside the UK, so I am hopeful that my images will get shown around the world.
I have enclosed a link to my Photography page ( please see below)

This is a start, and a progression to creating my own website, where I can really express my genres, my style, my projects that I will create along my journey.

https://www.facebook.com/andreaholtphotograpy/

below are a couple of images that I have added to my page.

Image 1 - ISO-400 40mm F3.3  1/30 sec No Flash-manual - My own eye with the reflection taken in a mirror in my bathroom of my camera.


Image 2 - ISO-4500 25mm F4  1/60 sec No Flash- auto This was taken in wales at the Zip world caverns, in one of the old slate mining buildings/offices.



We have been given a little questionnaire to complete in class today, to self evaluate ourselves, by grading the ten questions below, with a score of a total of 120, with each question with a possible outcome of 10.

I think this is a good time to evaluate myself, on how I see myself at this stage into the course, which is now half way through. 6 months.

List of Employability Skills – Photography Sector





The Skills Council compiled this list after consulting employers in the Photography sector.





Grade yourself out of ten for each quality and add up for a final score.






             9

             9

             8

             6

             9

             9

             5

             8

             8

             7

             7

             8

            93





·       Timekeeping and Punctuality              





·       Reliable





·       Good Work Ethic





·       Good Communicator



·       Sense of Humour

·       Easy Going

·       Flexible

·       Open to New Ideas

·       Team Worker

·       Independent worker

·       Resourceful attitude

·       Responds to criticism and advice well

Total /120





I think this is quite a good score, but as you can see, I do have areas that I need to expand and spend time working on.

The flexibility is due to my work commitments at this present moment in time.

 I do feel I have a communication weakness, I do not always explain myself clearly, and sometimes I do get my words mixed up and I do find this hard to express my ideas, my opinions to others, I can also go off tangent if I feel I am not being listened to, or I have maybe gone off the subject I am trying to explain, then I will stop, or change the subject, maybe even make a joke of something.
I have to work on getting this across to others, as sometimes my personality, good sense of humour can get in the way.
Jobs Advertisements/Opportunities

I have been researching on the internet for  job roles that are available at this present time for Photographers. I went to this web site first http://creativeskillset.org/job_roles
to see what they had to offer. You do a small search to meet your requirements, and a list of different search engines with specific job availability pop up, you choose the field you require and browse down the list.

For example An Assistant Photographer



Photographers
Search
















Assistant Photographer

Assistant Photographer

Sector: Photo Imaging
Department: Photographers

What is the job?

Assistant photographers do whatever is necessary to ensure that a photographic shoot runs smoothly. This typically involves preparing sets, checking that all equipment is functioning properly, setting up lighting and accessories, taking meter readings, transmitting files and transporting film or prints to and from laboratories.
When working from a studio, assistants help out with the general administration of the studio, keeping the sets clean and tidy and printing photographs as required.
Assistants catalogue and optimise digital files, scan film and assist with image manipulation and enhancement. They keep records of the film stock, exposures, lighting set-ups, as well as the names and details of art directors, models, stylists, animal handlers and other contributors.
On location, the assistant's duties may involve making a technical ‘recce' (reconnaissance) and assessment of the site in advance, checking for vehicle access, power and communications facilities. They often organise transport, catering and accommodation, set up equipment, and source a local laboratory or reliable courier.
When clients are present during a shoot, it is the assistant photographer's job to entertain them, and to shield the photographer from unnecessary interference or interruption.

What’s it like?

Assistant photographers have the opportunity to learn on the job from a practising professional, without having to shoulder the responsibility of running a business and producing professional quality images before being ready. Assistants need a friendly and positive attitude and to anticipate the needs and requirements of the photographer.
While some leading photographers or photographic studios may employ several full-time assistant photographers, others cannot afford to employ one. Working as a freelance assistant photographer to a pool of professionals may therefore be the best way to maintain regular employment. It also offers the opportunity to observe at close hand the working practices of a number of different photographers, which further enhances the training process.
Meanwhile, high-profile photographers sometimes employ several assistant photographers who are then known as first assistant, second assistant, and so on. Here, duties are divided between the various assistants at the discretion of the photographer. In most cases, the first assistant is likely to provide direct support to the photographer on set, while the second assistant assists with production and general administration.
Photographers can be subject to physical stresses from carrying heavy camera gear indoors and out, in all seasons, come rain or shine. They should know the techniques for lifting and moving equipment and need to understand Health & Safety legislation and manage the risks associated with the use of electrical lighting, equipment and props. Photographers must also purchase the appropriate Public Liability insurance to cover their activities.

Skills

Assistant photographers need a good grounding in all creative and technical aspects of photography, set construction and lighting. This not only enables the assistant to understand the necessary preparation, execution and presentation of the job, but also to meet with clients, art directors, models and other contributors and understand their discussions with the photographer.
Assistant photographers must be organised and practical with good communication and interpersonal skills. They must foresee and evaluate potential problems, and deal with the unexpected in a calm and efficient manner.
Good office skills, a polite and helpful telephone manner, demonstrating keen attention to detail and a willingness to learn are all important skills.
They should know how to operate digital and traditional cameras, as well as scanning equipment.
They should also be aware of the different software tools (such as Photoshop or Aperture) and image manipulation and enhancement techniques.
Assistant photographers will be expected to possess a full, clean EU driving licence.

Getting in

Since this is an entry-level job, some photographers are happy to employ assistant photographers with little or no work experience. However, most prefer some form of formal photographic training or previous experience in photography, fashion or advertising.
A college qualification cannot guarantee employment, but courses which run effective work placement schemes help students gain valuable work experience and make industry contacts before they graduate.
The Professional Qualifying Examination (PQE) offered by the BIPP (British Institute of Professional photography) has a good reputation with employers. The PQE has traditionally taken the form of an additional year's course following on from a Higher National Diploma (HND). Today it is often incorporated into a three year degree programme.
To be accepted on a photography degree you will usually need at least five GCSEs (A-C) or five Standard Grades (1-3), plus two A levels or three Highers, or equivalent qualifications such as an art foundation course. For an HNC/HND course you will usually need four GCSEs (A-C) or Standard Grades (1-3) plus one A level or two Highers or equivalent. An Access to Higher Education qualification may be accepted for entry to certain courses.

Getting on

Prospective employers normally expect to see a portfolio of photographs. This should be well presented and consist of 10-15 photographs that reveal a broad range of skills and competencies.
Well established photographers or studios often support work-based qualifications, such as apprenticeships and NVQ/SVQs. Photo Imaging NVQ/SVQs are currently available at levels 2, 3 and 4.
Know your rights - Photography and the Law
Source : Digital Camera magazine.



The Law : Police in the UK have no powers to stop you taking photos in a public place, however there are other laws you can be arrested for. An officer may wish to search you in connection with the "stop" but they can only do this if they suspect you're carrying drugs, weapons, stolen property or items that could be used to commit a crime, an act of terrorism or cause criminal damage.

Section 44 and 43 : Searches carried out under section 44 of the Terrorism Act 2000 have been banned, but an officer can still stop and search you if they have "reasonable suspicion" that you're a terrorist, under section 43.

Deleting Images : Police cant delete or ask you to delete images during a search under section 43.

Photographing in Public

Model Release : You don't need a model release to take photos of people on the streets, unless you want to use the image commercially ( but if you book a model get them to sign a model release form if you have agreed no payments or a set payment disclaiming this, in case your images, at some point in the future go commercial, there can be no come back.)

Photographing the Police : Police cant arrest you for photographing police officers involved in the course of normal duties and incidents, but they can question you if you appear to be taking photos of a member of the force.

Security Guards : Security guards have no powers to stop and search you, but can ask you to leave private land (and use reasonable force)

Obstruction : You can be arrested for obstruction (like placing a tripod in a busy street)
more details at www.bit.ly/dc187rights.
http://www.techradar.com/how-to/photography-video-capture/cameras/photographers-rights-the-ultimate-guide-1320949
Photographing Buildings, and Transport Facilities.


Public Places : You dont need a permit to shoot in public places. You can shoot private buildings or property as long as youre standing on public land.

Private land : If you're on private land and the owner asks you to leave, failure to do so will be classed as tresspassing. They can use reasonable force to make you leave.

Trains : you can take photographs at train stations for personnal use. ( A flash and a tripod may require permisson.) Commercial photography requires prior permission.

 Planes : Airports are private property, but offer viewing areas for photographing planes.

The  Tube : ( Underground train stations )Personal photography is fine, but you must not use a flash or a tripod on the platforms. If you want to spend longer than 15 minutes taking pictures, or you want to sell the pictures, you need to apply for a permit.


Topic 3


1.     DSLR/MovieCameras, Stills from Movies, 4k Industry standard




Features

  • 16.05MP Live MOS Sensor
  • 4K Cinema: 4096×2160 / 24 fps
  • 4K QFHD : 3840×2160 / 30 fps
  • Full HD up to 60p
  • 49-Area AF/ Custom Multi AF
  • 4:2:2 / 8 bit or 4:2:2 / 10 bit Real-Time Output with HDMI
  • 2,359K-dot OLED Live View Finder
  • 3.0″ 1,036k-dot free-angle OLED Touchscreen Monitor
  • Wi-Fi with NFC Technology

2.     ISO versus Flash, Is this the end for flash?

3.     Light field cameras, Lytro etc. Flash in the pan?
A light field camera (also called a plenoptic camera) is an imaging device that creates images that can be readjusted after the picture has been taken, for example, to alter the focus or the depth of field.


How Does LightField Photography Work? Traditional cameras – analog or digital – only record a two-dimensional representation of a scene, using the two available dimensions (length and width; pixels along the x and y axis) of the film/sensor.
Contrary to that, Light Field cameras (also called preoptic cameras) have a microlense array just in front of the imaging sensor. Such arrays consist of many microscopic lenses (often in the range of 100,000) with tiny focal lengths (as low as 0.15 mm), and split up what would have become a 2D-pixel into individual light rays just before reaching the sensor. The resulting raw image is a composition of as many tiny images as there are micro lenses.
Here’s the fascinating part: every sub-image differs a little bit from its neighbours, because the light rays were diverted slightly differently depending on the corresponding microlense’s position in the array.
Next, sophisticated software is used to find matching light rays across all these images. Once it has collected a list of (1) matching light rays, (2) their position in the microlense array and (3) within the sub-image, the information can be used to reconstruct a sharp 3D model of the scene.
Using this model, you have all of the Light Field capabilities at your fingertips: you can define what parts of the image should be in focus or out of focus, define the depth of field, you can set everything in focus, you can shift the perspective or parallax a bit, … You can even use the parallax data to create 3D pictures from a single Light Field lens and capture.
All of this can be done after you’ve recorded the image.


Image 1  A light view camera - we also have one in the university stores that we can borrow, this camera would be idea for food or landscape photography.

4.     Print labs, what is the future for paper photographs?
Retail Labs - https://www.maxphoto.co.uk/ 

Below is a link to a website I came across on the internet about one persons view of professional photography of the future.

Reality Check: Professional Photography Is Going Away

August 23 | By | Posted in Business of Photography | Print This Post



5.     The ‘Impossible’ project https://www.the-impossible-project.com/
When Polaroid announced the end of instant film in 2008, Impossible stepped in to buy the last remaining factory, days before it closed down. The machines had been dismantled, there were no formulas to follow and the supply chain had already been destroyed. If we wanted to keep instant photography alive, we had to reinvent instant film from scratch.

“Don't undertake a project unless it's manifestly important and nearly impossible.” - Edwin Land, founder of Polaroid and inventor of the world’s first instant camera

Eight years later, with the help of some incredible chemists, engineers and photographers, we’re the only people in the world who make original format instant film. We make film in both color and black and white, for Polaroid 600-type, SX-70 and Image/Spectra cameras, as well as large format 8x10 film. We also refurbish classic Polaroid cameras so they’re as good as new, and have introduced our own new range of Impossible cameras.


We believe in making real photos. Photos with a life after the shutter clicks. Photos that develop in the palm of your hand, ready to pin to the wall or give to a friend. That’s why we’ve spent eight years working on our film formula. It’s why we’re reinventing analog instant photography in a digital world.



6.    Which film formats will survive?
Ken Rockwell reviews different format cameras, for more information and a full review please follow the link below.

http://www.kenrockwell.com/tech/format.htm




7.    What is the next level for smartphone cameras?

 The link below review the 5  best smart phones that are on the market today.

 http://lowdown.carphonewarehouse.com/news/the-5-best-camera-phones/30136/
Image 1 - samsung galaxy S7

What is the next level of mobile technology next to smartphone?

Pratik Das

1. Project Ara

Project Ara of Google is going to bring modular phones,it include a structural frame or endoskeleton that holds smartphone modules of the owner's choice, such as a display, camera or an extra battery.it would allow users to swap out malfunctioning modules or upgrade individual modules.

2. 3D Touch technology
The iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus are the first iPhones to feature 3D touch technology. 3D Touch allows the iPhone to detect how hard you’re pressing, and you can press harder on the screen in some places to do different things.
3. Flexible mobile phones
The flexible mobile phones are a real (sounds like science fiction).This is possible due to innovation of OLED and AMOLED dislay. Samsung have Picture shows Windows Phone 8 device from Samsung which employs a fully flexible AMOLED display.
4. Fast Charging Technology
In Qualcomm laboratory tests using a 3300 mAh battery, a Quick Charge 2.0 enabled device went from 0% to 60% charge in 30 minutes, while a device without Quick Charge 2.0 using a conventional (5 volt, 1 amp) charger achieved just a 12% gain in the same 30 minutes. A device with Quick Charge 1.0 managed a 30% charge in that time period.They have came up with Quick charge 3.0 also.
5. USB Type-C
USB Type-C is a specification for a reversible-plug connector for USB devices and USB cabling.
8.    Memory Cards, SD, DF, Memory stick, replacement by wifi?

 This link to the digital camera website explains all different kinds of memory, SD, DF and memory sticks.


What is The Cloud? The Sky-owned public WiFi network explained

The Cloud is a public WiFi network with more than 16,000 hotspots in the UK. We've got a full list of UK shopping centres decked out with Cloud WiFi.

https://recombu.com/digital/article/what-is-the-cloud-sky-wifi-network_M10881.html



20x24 Polaroid Discussion

http://www.nealslavin.com/BRITONS/




http://www.popphoto.com/watch-this-pop-photo-visits-20x24-studio


https://www.bhphotovideo.com/explora/content/instant-gratification-grand-scale-polaroids-20x24-camera



Photography Trade and Retail
Topic 5


The links were:




















Questions:

1.What advantages/disadvantages do CSC cameras have?

 http://www.techradar.com/cameras This link is a very good link for all kinds of information on Photography, cameras, Lens, and how to do studio portraits and much more.

Advantages : The Compact system cameras are mirror less, they have an electronic compact viewfinder, They are retro looking in style, they are smaller, more compact and easy to handle.
Disadvantages : They don't have a great range of inter changeable lens, the size of the sensors.

4.What advantages/disadvantages do Rangefinder cameras have?
http://kenrockwell.com/tech/rangefinder-vs-slr.htm#rfa



5.What are the differences between Trade and Retail?

 Trade - https://www.calphoto.co.uk/  Professional photographers suppliers 

Retail - http://www.jessops.com/ Suppliers to the public

6.What advantages/disadvantages does equipment hire provide?
Advantages are you can try before you buy. Your money is not tied up, if your not going to use the equipment for a long period of time. Better quality equipment for a lower price.
Disadvantages are you do not own the equipment. You may have to pay a large hire deposit, may need extra insurance to hire the equipment.

7.What device would you use to calibrate your monitor?
http://www.wikihow.com/Calibrate-Your-Monitor


These are a couple of popular products on the market for calibrating your monitor.
8.What is a colour profile?

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_profile

10.         Trade and retail exists in the lab sector, are you aware of the differences between 'pro' and 'high street' labs?

 Trade Labs - http://paulgrahamltd.com/
Retail Labs - https://www.maxphoto.co.uk/ 


Beyond the Lens - Topic 7

 https://www.the-aop.org/information/beyond-the-lens/overview

This 4th edition of Beyond the Lens has a foreword by Terry O'Neill and is split into 3 parts:
  • The Law and the Photographer: covers copyright, moral rights, contract law, privacy, photographing children, late payment, legal remedies for copyright infringements and unpaid debts both in the UK and EU plus legislation that photographers need to be aware of. 
  • The Business End: with advice on tax, VAT, accounting, bookkeeping, insurance, limited companies, pensions, savings, investments and mortgages, dealing with income/career problems, standards and codes, social media, agents,  collecting societies and associations and unions.
  • Making a Living: is written by photographers and covers how to be a student, working as an assisting photographer, specific area of photography from their perspective - advertising, editorial, architectural, corporate and design, stock, digital and moving image, working overseas, and shooting on the streets.



Health & Safety in the photographic industry
Topic 8

Health and Safety in Photography

For use when working on location or in the photographic studio.

http://www.michaelwayneplant.com/health-safety-photographers/




Photographers Insurance
Topic 9

 As a photographer you will need to ensure you are protected, be it your expensive equipment, your models, their health and well being, or your name/company.

 I have been looking at a couple of internet websites for more information below is a link to one of them that appears to answer more or less all of my questions.
please see link below.




Typical Quote could include
Call Us: 0333 004 6555

Mon - Fri 9.00am - 6.00pm
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Get a quote
-Get a quote
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Instant cover
Amend your policy
Renew your policy
Make a claim
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How to use this site
Jargon buster
FAQs
Company information
Contact


Customise your quote

Please take reasonable care to answer all questions honestly and to the best of your knowledge, and take time to read the help texts we provide for guidance when answering.
Select the relevant product options from the list below, and your quote (in the right-hand column) will update automatically.
Total value of your equipment£2,500.00change
HelpDo you want to include Mechanical Breakdown cover for items purchased from new less than 5 years ago?
Please enter the total value of all items to be covered for Mechanical Breakdown:
HelpDo you want in-vehicle cover?
  Where do you need cover for?
HelpWhat level of Public Liability do you want?
HelpDo you want to reduce your premium by increasing your excess to £250?



The premium quoted includes Insurance Premium Tax at the prevailing rate, terms and conditions of this quote are only valid for 7 days. The quote is for a 12 month policy and assumes no prior claims or incidents in the last 3 years.
INSTANT QUOTE INDICATOR
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per year
Sum insured: £2,500 
Cover type:
Excess:
Mechanical Breakdown:
In-vehicle:  
Hire cover:  
UK coverage:  
EU coverage:  
Worldwide coverage:  
Public Liability:
Personal Accident:

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It works out a £6.09 pence per month



other websites to consider.


Legendary photographic agency Magnum turns 70

Run by photographers for photographers, Magnum would produce some of the iconic images of the 20th and 21st Centuries, chronicling the major conflicts and events of our age.
Inge Bondi worked closely with the legendary photographers Robert Capa, George Rodger, Chim Seymour and Henri Cartier-Bresson.



















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